DNA基因鉴定是近年来应用在中药鉴定中较为重要的分子生物技术,该技术能够很好地从基因层面上鉴别药材,具有较高的准确性。DNA基因鉴定包括DNA分子遗传标记,核酸探针杂交,DNA条形码分子鉴定法等,其中发展最快的为DNA条形码分子鉴定法。DNA条形码分子鉴定法是利用基因组中一段公认的、相对较短的DNA序列来进行物种鉴定的一种分子生物学技术,是传统形态鉴别方法的有效补充。由于不同物种的DNA序列是由腺嘌呤(A),鸟嘌呤(G),胞嘧啶(C),胸腺嘧啶(T)4种碱基以不同顺序排列组成,因此对某一特定DNA片段序列进行分析即能够区分不同物种。Hebert等在2003年提出了通过测定线粒体细胞色素C氧化亚基I(COI)基因序列来鉴定动物的种类。陈士林等则在大量实验的基础上提出了鉴别动物的基因以COI基因为主,ITS2基因为辅的动物类药材DNA条形码鉴定体系。大量的实验表明,通过DNA条形码来鉴别动物具有准确性、可行性、简便性、通用性,为鉴别动物物种及发现新物种提供了新的方法,为鉴别动物药材的真伪提供了科学的依据。但由于该技术是通过基因进行鉴定,对实验材料及提取方法有较高要求,对一些年代较久的动物药材,其DNA降解较为严重,为DNA提取技术提出了较高的要求;该技术只能鉴别其来源是否准确却不能鉴别其药用部位是否准确,这就需要结合其他鉴别方法来准确鉴别其药用部位。本文通过综合国内外对DNA条形码的研究,为日后的研究和应用提供理论依据。 DNA gene identification in recent years, the application of traditional Chinese medicine in the identification of molecular biology is more important, the technology can be very good from the genetic level identification of medicinal herbs, with high accuracy. DNA genetic identification include DNA molecular genetic markers, nucleic acid probe hybridization, DNA bar code molecular identification method, the fastest growing DNA bar code molecular identification method. DNA barcode molecular identification is a molecular biology technique that uses a well-recognized and relatively short DNA sequence in the genome to identify species. It is an effective complement to traditional morphological identification methods. Since DNA sequences of different species are composed of four bases of adenine (A), guanine (G), cytosine (C), and thymine (T) in different orders, a specific DNA fragment sequence Analysis that is able to distinguish between different species. In 2003, Hebert et al. Proposed the identification of animal species by measuring the mitochondrial cytochrome C-oxidase I (COI) gene sequence. Chen Shilin and so on a large number of experiments based on the proposed identification of animal genes COI gene based, ITS2 gene supplemented animal DNA DNA barcode identification system. A large number of experiments show that the identification of animals by DNA barcodes has the advantages of accuracy, feasibility, simplicity and versatility, provides a new method for identifying animal species and discovering new species, and provides a scientific basis for authenticating the authenticity of animal herbs . However, since the technology is identified through the gene, the experimental materials and extraction methods have higher requirements for some older animal medicine, DNA degradation is more serious, DNA extraction technology put forward higher requirements; the technology only Can identify the source is accurate but can not identify the exact location of the medicinal parts, which requires the combination of other identification methods to accurately identify the medicinal parts. In this paper, we synthesize DNA barcodes at home and abroad to provide theoretical basis for future research and application.