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目的通过监测资料分析,了解安徽省农村地区土壤铅、镉及蛔虫卵污染状况,为有关部门治理和保护土壤,改善农村土壤卫生状况提供依据。方法自2011年开始,选择并固定安徽省24个县(区)连续6年开展监测,每年每县选择5个乡镇,每个乡镇选择4个行政村作为监测点,每个监测点每年7~8月监测一次,每次采集村中田地土壤1份,监测土壤的pH值;蛔虫卵数、蛔虫卵活卵数;铅、镉含量等内容。结果安徽省24个监测县(区)2011~2016年农村地区2 880份土壤样品中,铅含量为(15.91±14.42)mg/kg,镉含量为(0.37±0.43)mg/kg,铅超标率为0.03%,镉超标率为26.31%;蛔虫卵阳性土壤有737份,阳性率为25.57%,活卵样品510份,阳性率为17.71%,蛔虫卵和活卵阳性率有随着年份增加呈下降的趋势(蛔虫卵:χ~2=30.94,P<0.001,活卵:χ~2=17.89,P<0.001);农村土壤镉超标率及蛔虫卵阳性率存在地区分布差异。结论安徽农村地区农田土壤中镉污染现象严重,蛔虫卵及活卵阳性率较高。安徽地区农村环境保护及改厕、粪便无害化处理工作仍需加强。
Objective To understand the status of soil lead, cadmium and roundworm egg contamination in Anhui Province through monitoring data analysis and provide evidences for the departments concerned to control and protect the soil and improve the soil health in rural areas. Methods Since 2011, 24 counties (districts) in Anhui Province have been selected and fixed for monitoring for 6 years in a row. Each year, 5 townships are selected for each county, 4 administrative villages are selected for each township as monitoring points, and each monitoring site is 7 ~ Monitoring once in August, each time collecting 1 field soil in the village, monitoring the soil pH value; roundworm egg count, live egg count; lead, cadmium content and so on. Results In the 2 880 soil samples from 24 monitoring counties in Anhui Province from 2011 to 2016, the lead content was (15.91 ± 14.42) mg / kg and the cadmium content was (0.37 ± 0.43) mg / kg. The lead excess The positive rate was 25.57% and the positive rate was 17.71%. The positive rates of Ascaris eggs and live eggs increased with the increase of years (Ascaris eggs: χ ~ 2 = 30.94, P <0.001, live eggs: χ ~ 2 = 17.89, P <0.001). There was a regional distribution difference between cadmium and roundworm eggs in rural soil. Conclusion The cadmium pollution in farmland soil in rural areas of Anhui Province is serious, and the positive rate of eggs and live eggs is higher. Anhui rural environment protection and lavatories, decontamination still need to be strengthened.