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杂交水稻制种产量的高低直接取决于制种母本异交结实率的高低,制种的母本是异花授粉,母本颖壳对花粉有一定遮挡,使母本柱头难以接受到父本的花粉而影响受精结实。柱头外露,颖花在开花当天及其后的3天内都具有较强的受精能力,有花粉供给时,柱头外露率在60%以上则结实率一般不低于60%。因此,提高母本柱头外露率是杂交稻制种高产的关键之一。笔者根据多年的生产实践,总结出提高杂交水稻制种母本柱头外露率及提高异交结实率的措施。
The yield of hybrid rice seed production directly depends on the seed production of female seedless seed setting rate, the female parent of the seed is cross-pollination, female parent glume have some shelter on the pollen, so that the stigma of the female hard to accept the father Pollen and affect the fertilization firm. The stigma was exposed. The spikelets had a strong ability to fertilize on the day of flowering and within 3 days after flowering. In the case of pollen supply, the rate of stigma exsertion was above 60% and the seed setting rate was generally not less than 60%. Therefore, increasing the stigma exsertion rate is one of the keys to the high yield of hybrid rice seed production. Based on years of production practice, the author summarizes measures to improve the stigma exsertion rate and improve the rate of outcrossing and seed setting in hybrid rice seed.