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本文认为,生态世界观是后现代世界观。后现代世界观是西方社会现代化晚期阶段兴起的文化批判思潮。它以反现代性的方式,发挥着优化现代性结构、拓展现代性边界的作用。生态世界观对自然“内在价值”的鼓吹,与对同性恋、女性、儿童、少数族裔、殖民地等“边缘”权利的鼓吹一样,联系着后现代思潮解构现代性社会结构所造成的压抑和专制的努力。儒家价值取向是人类中心主义的,但由于“天人合一”观念和“中庸”思维方式的影响,儒家的人类中心主义又表现出和西方现代性思维的人类中心主义的极大差异。这种差异表现在对待自然的态度上,就是不同于现代性思维的无限发展观,儒家认为应该对人类开发利用自然的活动作出必要的限制;不同于现代性思维的机械论自然观,儒家坚持自然和人的生命世界的亲缘关系,并据此要求人类对自然承担起伦理性义务。这种对待自然的态度,使儒家和后现代生态世界观之间具有了相互呼应之处,并为我们从生态世界观的视角诠释儒家思想提供了基本的可能。
This paper argues that the ecological world outlook is a post-modern world outlook. The postmodern world outlook is the cultural critical trend of thoughts that arises in the later stage of the modernization of western society. In an anti-modernist way, it plays the role of optimizing the structure of modernity and expanding the boundary of modernity. The advocacy of the “inner value” of the natural world by the ecological world outlook, like the advocacy of “marginal” rights such as homosexuality, women, children, ethnic minorities and colonies, is associated with the repression and autocracy caused by the postmodernism’s deconstruction of the modern social structure Work hard. Confucian value orientation is anthropocentric. However, due to the concept of “harmony between man and nature” and the “moderate” way of thinking, Confucian anthropocentrism shows great differences from the anthropocentrism of modern Western thinking. This difference is manifested in the attitude of treating nature as an infinite development concept that is different from modern thinking. Confucians believe that human beings should make the necessary restrictions on the development and utilization of nature. Unlike the mechanistic view of nature of modern thinking, Confucianism insisted Nature and the human world of life, and thus require human beings to assume ethical obligations to nature. This kind of attitude towards nature provides a place for mutual repercussion between Confucianism and post-modern ecological world outlook and provides us with the basic possibility that we can interpret Confucianism from the perspective of ecological world outlook.