雌性哺乳动物体内是否存在分裂活跃的生殖干细胞(GSCs),依然存在争议。近年来研究证实,在人类和小鼠卵巢中分离得到了具有分裂活性的GSCs样细胞。假定的雌性哺乳动物GSCs可能定位于卵巢表面生发上皮中。卵巢微环境对GSCs池的维持和分化至关重要,而年龄增加和免疫系统退变可以通过改变卵巢微环境使GSCs无法获得足够的支持来形成新的卵子和卵泡。雌性GSCs的存在,不仅可以为干细胞领域的研究提供新的来源,对辅助生殖技术的未来发展也有着重要意义。 It remains controversial whether there are actively dividing germline stem cells (GSCs) in female mammals. In recent years, studies have confirmed that in human and mouse ovaries isolated schistosomal GSCs-like cells. The putative female mammalian GSCs may be located in the ovarian surface of the germinal epithelium. Ovarian microenvironment is essential for the maintenance and differentiation of GSCs pool, while aging and immune system degeneration can make GSCs unable to gain enough support to form new ovum and follicle by changing the ovarian microenvironment. The existence of female GSCs can not only provide a new source of research for stem cells, but also be of great significance to the future development of assisted reproductive technologies.