本文论述了森林的经济和公益两种效能的关系,阐明在人为制定林业政策时,使两者达到调和,即“森林利用的最佳计划论”。森林经济效能(木材生产),只能通过采伐来实现;而公益效能(非木材生产,如防止水土流失、水源涵养、空气净化、森林旅游等)只能通过保存森林来实现,二者以用材林对公益林的生产变换曲线和等效曲线作为交点,将全林划定为用材林或公益林。这种利用面积上的区划就是森林利用的最佳计划。 This paper discusses the relationship between the economic efficiency of forests and the public welfare, and expounds on the reconciliation of the two when making forestry policies artificially, that is, “the best plan of forest utilization”. The economic efficiency of the forest (timber production) can only be achieved through logging. The public benefit (non-timber production, such as soil and water conservation, water conservation, air purification, forest tourism, etc.) can only be achieved through the preservation of forests. The production transformation curve and the equivalent curve of the public welfare forest are taken as the intersections, and the whole forest is designated as the timber forest or commonweal forest. This zoning of area is the best plan for forest utilization.