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目的应用形态与DNA条形码技术鉴别广西横县两种形态相似、栖息生境相同的豆螺——硬豆螺(Bithynia robusta)与赤豆螺(Bithynia fuchsiana)。方法在广西横县的河流、沟渠和池塘等生境采集赤豆螺和硬豆螺,观察两种豆螺的外部形态并测量其主要参数,比较螺的雄性生殖系统形态。此外,应用基于COI基因的DNA条形码技术进行螺种鉴别,并构建系统树。结果共采获两种豆螺29个,包括19个赤豆螺和10个硬豆螺。两种豆螺的个体外形基本一致,其壳高、壳宽及形状相近,雄性生殖系统形态相似。COI基因序列变异较小,22条序列共有11个变异位点。经序列的整理和剪切后,22个个体的COI基因片段均为517 bp,无插入、缺失位点。基于COI基因序列构建的系统树表明两类群的个体明显聚为一支。结论根据形态学和COI基因序列证据,采自广西横县的赤豆螺与硬豆螺可能为同种异名。
Objective To identify two species of Bithynia robusta and Bithynia fuchsiana with similar morphological and habitat habitats in Hengxian County of Guangxi by morphology and DNA barcoding. Methods The adzuki bean and dodder were collected from habitats such as rivers, ditches and ponds in Hengxian, Guangxi. The external morphology of the two kinds of adzuki bean was observed and the main parameters were measured. The morphology of male reproductive system was compared. In addition, DNA barcoding based on COI gene was used to identify species and construct phylogenetic tree. Results A total of 29 kinds of two kinds of mulberry were harvested, including 19 kinds of bean and 10 kinds of bean. The shape of the two kinds of conch is basically the same, the shell height, shell width and shape are similar, the male reproductive system morphology is similar. COI gene sequence variation is small, a total of 22 sequences of 11 variant sites. After sequencing and cloning, the COI gene fragments of 22 individuals were 517 bp with no insertions or deletions. The phylogenetic tree constructed based on the COI gene sequence showed that the two groups of individuals clearly clustered together. Conclusion According to morphological and COI gene sequence evidence, the adzuki bean and quince taken from Hengxian, Guangxi may be the same type.