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长江口作为上海重要水源地,至今还没有依法划定水源保护区。目前国内的饮用水水源地保护区划分技术方法在潮汐河口水域应用时存在科学性差、适用性不强等问题。对国内外饮用水水源地保护区的划分方法进行了调研;研究了河口潮汐往复流特征、水污染排放、水环境特点,明确了河口水源库水质净化和防范突发污染事故风险的要求,提出了充分利用水库库区自净能力的划分原则和应用污染物最大流动距离法划分潮汐河口水库型水源地二级水源保护范围的技术方法。以氨氮作为特征因子分析水库的自净能力,认为库区作为一级保护区可以承担二级保护区的水质净化功能。以99%保证率的涨落潮流速并考虑季风的影响计算得到最大流动距离,并以此确定了青草沙水库的二级保护区范围上下游和横向边界范围。研究表明该方法概念清晰,简单实用,可靠性强。
As an important source of water in Shanghai, the Yangtze Estuary has so far failed to establish a water source protection zone according to law. At present, the technical methods for the classification of drinking water source protected areas in China are poor in science and applicability in the application of tidal estuary waters. The methods for the division of drinking water source protection areas at home and abroad were investigated. The tidal reciprocal flow characteristics, water pollution discharge and water environment characteristics of estuary were studied. The requirements of purifying water quality of estuary water source reservoir and preventing the risk of sudden pollution accident were put forward In order to make full use of the division principle of self-purification capacity of reservoir area and the technical method of dividing the scope of secondary water source protection in the reservoir type water source of tidal estuary by applying maximum pollutant flow distance method, Taking ammonia nitrogen as the characteristic factor to analyze the self-purification capacity of the reservoir, it is considered that the reservoir area can take the function of water purification of the second-level protection area as a first-class protection area. The maximum flow distance was calculated with the tide velocity of 99% guaranteed rate and the influence of monsoon, and the range of the upper and lower reaches and lateral boundary of the secondary protection area of Qingcaosha Reservoir was determined. Research shows that the method is clear in concept, simple and practical, and highly reliable.