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英语高考试卷中单项填空题考查的知识面广,容易失分,因此提高解题效率和速度,势在必行。解此类题除了要有扎实的基础外,还要有科学的解题方法。笔者在多年的高三英语教学中总结出以下几点解题技巧,供大家参考。
一、利用还原法, 巧解单项填空题
1. The books we look forward to ___ at last.
A. coming B. to come
C. came D. comes
分析 本题中we look forward to 是一个宾语从句, 如果去掉从句,就可以看出本题缺少一个谓语。故答案选C。
2. Money should be made good use of ____ something.
A. buying B. bought
C. to buy D. buys
分析将题干改写为主动句,则为:We should make good use of money ____ something. 可以发现介词of有其相应的宾语,其后不能用动名词做宾语,应选不定式做目的状语。答案选C。
二、注意有效信息词,巧解单项填空题
1. Is this factory ____ we visited last year?
A. that B. one
C. the one D. it
分析关键要看“信息词this”在句中作什么成分来决定。由于指示代词this作定语修饰factory,而空白处要填的是表语,只有the one才能满足要求。答案为C。
2. Is this the factory _____we visited last year?
A. that B. one
C. the one D. it
分析“信息词this”在句中作主语,而the factory才是表语,故答案为A。
3. The reporter said that the UFO ____ east to west when she saw it.
A. was traveling B. traveled
C. had been traveled D. was to travel
分析该题考查过去进行时的用法。该句中的 “when she saw it”暗示了谓语动词的动作正在进行的过程中。故答案为A。
三、分析句子的结构,巧解单项填空题
1. Is this museum____ you visited last week?
A. which B. that
C. where D. the one
分析从表面上看,这个题似乎是考查学生在定语从句中使用关系代词或关系副词的能力。但实际上却考查了学生辨别句子结构的能力。如果把这个句子改成陈述句,就不难发现,此句的主句中缺少的是表语。故答案为D。
2. ____ we can’t get seems better than ____we have.
A. What; what B. What; that
C. That; that D. That; what
分析 从属连词that和what都能引导名词性从句,但that只起连接作用,无词汇意义,不能在句子中充当成分;what有词汇意义,并在从句中充当成分。句中动词get和have均为及物动词应有宾语,A项的两个分别在从句中作宾语,故答案为A。
四、分析选项,找准切入点,巧解单项填空题
1. The number of people invited ____ fifty,but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was
C. was; were D. were; were
分析 从选项中were和 was我们可以看出,此题的关键是单复数问题,再看题干中的the number of和a number of两个词组,我们不难判断出此题的答案为C。
2.Never ____ time come back again.
A. will lose B. will lost
C. will losing D. will to lose
分析答案选B项。如果将这个句子改为陈述句,我们便可以很容易的看出其结构为 “Lost time will never come back again.”
五、 当心试题中的分离现象, 巧解单项填空题
1. I met the teacher in the street yesterday ____ taught me English three years ago.
A. which B. when
C. where D. who
分析若把 yesterday 误当作先行词,会导致错选B,而其实 teacher 是先行词,应选D。
2. The news has come from Beijing, ____ an important meeting is being held there.
A. where B. in that
C. that D. which
分析若把 Beijing 看成先行词,则会导致其后面的从句误看作是定语从句而错选A。实际上逗号后的句子是 news 的同位语从句,答案应为C。句中结构是为了保持句子的平衡。
六、克服思维定势, 巧解单项填空题
1. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ________ the next year.
A. carried out B. carrying out
C. carry out D. to carry out
分析 一看到这个题目,一些考生马上在大脑中形成“see sb. / sth. do sth.”及“see sb. /sth. doing sth.”的刻板印象,立刻选择B或者C。如果考生扩大视幅,重新审视一下本题,就会发现that they would like to see是一个定语从句,而将这个相当于一个形容词,修饰前面的先行词the plan的定语从句省略掉的话,就会发现这里是作后置定语表示被动关系的一个过去分词短语,故选择A项。
2. The home improvements have taken what little there is ________ my spare time.
A. from B. in
C. of D. at
分析 答案C。 本题是当年高考试题中考生出错最多的题目之一,绝大部分考生给出的答案是B项,而没有选择正确答案C项。究其原因,是受了in one’s spare time习惯搭配的干扰,而没有仔细分析整句话,则更加不会知道这里的what little与my spare time构成的是所有关系,是部分与整体的关系。
七、 创设语境, 巧解单项填空题
--- Do you have anything more ___, sir?
---No, you can have a rest now.
A. typing B. to be typed
C. to type D. typed
分析 答案是B。语境是通过对话形式表现。从答语“No, you can have a rest now”, 可推断,type的逻辑主语不是you, 而是问话人,因此不能选C项。
八、 利用特定聚焦法, 巧解单选题
The manager promised to keep me ____ of how our business was going on.
A. to be informed B. being informed
C. informed D. informing
分析答案是C。考生容易受keep sb. doing影响,而选D。而实际上此题考查的是keep sth. done。
当然,仅仅通过以上几种方法还远远不够,要把每个题(而不是每一句)当作一个阅读片段来处理,在语境中考虑哪一个是最佳选项,不能只是从语法方面考虑,还要从英、美的习惯、语言的惯用法、句型搭配等方面全盘考虑。此外,我们在平时的练习中还要注意学会从各个不同的侧面对试题,特别是自己做错的题进行研究、分析、总结,这对提高做题能力是大有裨益的。
一、利用还原法, 巧解单项填空题
1. The books we look forward to ___ at last.
A. coming B. to come
C. came D. comes
分析 本题中we look forward to 是一个宾语从句, 如果去掉从句,就可以看出本题缺少一个谓语。故答案选C。
2. Money should be made good use of ____ something.
A. buying B. bought
C. to buy D. buys
分析将题干改写为主动句,则为:We should make good use of money ____ something. 可以发现介词of有其相应的宾语,其后不能用动名词做宾语,应选不定式做目的状语。答案选C。
二、注意有效信息词,巧解单项填空题
1. Is this factory ____ we visited last year?
A. that B. one
C. the one D. it
分析关键要看“信息词this”在句中作什么成分来决定。由于指示代词this作定语修饰factory,而空白处要填的是表语,只有the one才能满足要求。答案为C。
2. Is this the factory _____we visited last year?
A. that B. one
C. the one D. it
分析“信息词this”在句中作主语,而the factory才是表语,故答案为A。
3. The reporter said that the UFO ____ east to west when she saw it.
A. was traveling B. traveled
C. had been traveled D. was to travel
分析该题考查过去进行时的用法。该句中的 “when she saw it”暗示了谓语动词的动作正在进行的过程中。故答案为A。
三、分析句子的结构,巧解单项填空题
1. Is this museum____ you visited last week?
A. which B. that
C. where D. the one
分析从表面上看,这个题似乎是考查学生在定语从句中使用关系代词或关系副词的能力。但实际上却考查了学生辨别句子结构的能力。如果把这个句子改成陈述句,就不难发现,此句的主句中缺少的是表语。故答案为D。
2. ____ we can’t get seems better than ____we have.
A. What; what B. What; that
C. That; that D. That; what
分析 从属连词that和what都能引导名词性从句,但that只起连接作用,无词汇意义,不能在句子中充当成分;what有词汇意义,并在从句中充当成分。句中动词get和have均为及物动词应有宾语,A项的两个分别在从句中作宾语,故答案为A。
四、分析选项,找准切入点,巧解单项填空题
1. The number of people invited ____ fifty,but a number of them ____ absent for different reasons.
A. were; was B. was; was
C. was; were D. were; were
分析 从选项中were和 was我们可以看出,此题的关键是单复数问题,再看题干中的the number of和a number of两个词组,我们不难判断出此题的答案为C。
2.Never ____ time come back again.
A. will lose B. will lost
C. will losing D. will to lose
分析答案选B项。如果将这个句子改为陈述句,我们便可以很容易的看出其结构为 “Lost time will never come back again.”
五、 当心试题中的分离现象, 巧解单项填空题
1. I met the teacher in the street yesterday ____ taught me English three years ago.
A. which B. when
C. where D. who
分析若把 yesterday 误当作先行词,会导致错选B,而其实 teacher 是先行词,应选D。
2. The news has come from Beijing, ____ an important meeting is being held there.
A. where B. in that
C. that D. which
分析若把 Beijing 看成先行词,则会导致其后面的从句误看作是定语从句而错选A。实际上逗号后的句子是 news 的同位语从句,答案应为C。句中结构是为了保持句子的平衡。
六、克服思维定势, 巧解单项填空题
1. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see ________ the next year.
A. carried out B. carrying out
C. carry out D. to carry out
分析 一看到这个题目,一些考生马上在大脑中形成“see sb. / sth. do sth.”及“see sb. /sth. doing sth.”的刻板印象,立刻选择B或者C。如果考生扩大视幅,重新审视一下本题,就会发现that they would like to see是一个定语从句,而将这个相当于一个形容词,修饰前面的先行词the plan的定语从句省略掉的话,就会发现这里是作后置定语表示被动关系的一个过去分词短语,故选择A项。
2. The home improvements have taken what little there is ________ my spare time.
A. from B. in
C. of D. at
分析 答案C。 本题是当年高考试题中考生出错最多的题目之一,绝大部分考生给出的答案是B项,而没有选择正确答案C项。究其原因,是受了in one’s spare time习惯搭配的干扰,而没有仔细分析整句话,则更加不会知道这里的what little与my spare time构成的是所有关系,是部分与整体的关系。
七、 创设语境, 巧解单项填空题
--- Do you have anything more ___, sir?
---No, you can have a rest now.
A. typing B. to be typed
C. to type D. typed
分析 答案是B。语境是通过对话形式表现。从答语“No, you can have a rest now”, 可推断,type的逻辑主语不是you, 而是问话人,因此不能选C项。
八、 利用特定聚焦法, 巧解单选题
The manager promised to keep me ____ of how our business was going on.
A. to be informed B. being informed
C. informed D. informing
分析答案是C。考生容易受keep sb. doing影响,而选D。而实际上此题考查的是keep sth. done。
当然,仅仅通过以上几种方法还远远不够,要把每个题(而不是每一句)当作一个阅读片段来处理,在语境中考虑哪一个是最佳选项,不能只是从语法方面考虑,还要从英、美的习惯、语言的惯用法、句型搭配等方面全盘考虑。此外,我们在平时的练习中还要注意学会从各个不同的侧面对试题,特别是自己做错的题进行研究、分析、总结,这对提高做题能力是大有裨益的。