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目的:研究宁波市北仑区贝类养殖滩涂中异养细菌、反硝化细菌、氨化细菌和硫酸还原菌的数量分布及异养细菌的菌群组成。方法:异养细菌的计数采用平板菌落计数法;反硝化细菌、氨化细菌和硫酸还原菌的计数采用MPN法;并参照O liver提供的海洋细菌鉴定检索图、《海洋调查规范》和《一般细菌常用鉴定方法》提供的图式将分离到的细菌鉴定至属。结果:滩涂中异养细菌的数量分布在7.40×102~5.41×104cfu/g之间;反硝化细菌的数量波动在3.00×102~1.90×105个/g之间;氨化细菌的数量波动在在5.00×105~9.00×107个/g之间;硫酸还原菌的数量波动在5.00×104~5.00×106个/g之间。温度对异养细菌和这3种特殊生理类群的数量分布并没有直接的影响。所分离的细菌经过鉴定可归于一个科与16个属,其中梭状芽孢杆菌属(C lostridium)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、棒状杆菌属(Corynebacterium)、发光杆菌属(Photobacterium)、假单胞菌属(Pseudom onas)和肠杆菌科(Enterobacteriaceae)的部分属等为优势菌属。滩涂表层和底层的菌群组成基本一致,只是在百分含量上略有差异。结论:经过多年不间歇的养殖后,北仑滩涂环境已经开始恶化,应尽快调整养殖容量并对养殖环境进行重新布局。
OBJECTIVE: To study the quantitative distribution of heterotrophic bacteria, denitrifying bacteria, ammonifying bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria and the bacterial community composition of heterotrophic bacteria in the shellfish tidal flats of Beilun District in Ningbo City. Methods: Heterotrophic bacteria were counted by plate colony counting method. The counts of denitrifying bacteria, ammonifying bacteria and sulfate reducing bacteria were calculated by MPN method. According to the search chart of marine bacteria identification provided by O liver, Bacteria commonly used identification method "provides the schema will be isolated to the identification of bacteria. Results: The number of heterotrophic bacteria in tidal flat ranged from 7.40 × 102 to 5.41 × 104 cfu / g. The number of denitrifying bacteria fluctuated between 3.00 × 102-1.90 × 105 / g. The number of ammonifying bacteria fluctuated between Between 5.00 × 105 ~ 9.00 × 107 / g; the number of sulfate-reducing bacteria fluctuated between 5.00 × 104 ~ 5.00 × 106 / g. Temperature has no direct effect on the number distribution of heterotrophic bacteria and the three specific physiological groups. The isolated bacteria were identified as belonging to one family and 16 genera, of which C lostridium, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Photobacterium, Pseudom onas and Enterobacteriaceae (Enterobacteriaceae) part of the genus and other dominant bacteria. Tidal flat and bottom of the flora composition is basically the same, but slightly different in percentage. Conclusion: After many years of intermittent farming, the environment of Beilun tidal flat has started to deteriorate. Therefore, aquaculture capacity should be adjusted as soon as possible and the re-layout of breeding environment should be carried out.