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电催化反应过程涉及固、液、气传输以及电子和质子传导,为确保反应的顺利进行和提高催化剂中贵金属的利用率及延长催化剂的寿命,理想的电催化剂载体必须同时具备高比表面积、导电性好、合适的孔结构、耐腐蚀以及合适的表面基团等.为此,碳载体的改性工作受到关注,常用的方法是通过酸、碱、氧化和高分子等手段改变载体的结构和表面性质,以期接近理想电催化剂载体的要求;同时在开发新型碳载体方面做了更大量的工作.本文简要评述了商品炭载体如碳黑Vulcan XC-72R以及其它的乙炔黑、黑珍珠-2000、Printex XE-2和Ketjen Black EC等碳材料在直接醇燃料电池中的应用,但对纳米碳纤维、碳纳米管、有序多孔碳、中间相碳小球、碳纳米角、碳纳米卷和碳气凝胶等新型碳载体则进行了较全面的评述.与商品碳载体相比,新型碳载体在一定程度上都表现出比XC-72R更优的性能,这主要是因为新型碳材料具有特殊的结构、更高的结晶性能(导电性)和更好的传质能力.
Electrocatalytic reaction involves solid, liquid, gas transport and electron and proton conduction, in order to ensure the smooth progress of the reaction and improve the utilization of precious metals in catalysts and extend the life of the catalyst, the ideal electrocatalyst carrier must have both high specific surface area, Good pore structure, corrosion resistance and suitable surface groups, etc. For this reason, modification of carbon carriers has attracted attention. The commonly used method is to change the structure of the support by means of acid, alkali, oxidation and macromolecules Surface properties in order to approach the requirements of the ideal electrocatalyst support, and at the same time, a great deal of work has been done on the development of new carbon supports.This paper briefly reviews commercial carbon supports such as Vulcan XC-72R and other acetylene blacks, black pearl-2000 , Printex XE-2 and Ketjen Black EC in direct alcohol fuel cell applications, but the carbon nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, ordered porous carbon, mesophase carbon pellets, carbon nanohorns, carbon nanofibers and carbon Airgel and other new carbon carriers are more comprehensive comments.Compared with the commercial carbon carrier, the new carbon carrier to a certain extent, have shown more than the XC-72R Performance, mainly because the new carbon material has a special structure, higher crystallization property (conductivity) and better mass transfer.