一、绪言通过改造,就可以经济地增加许多现有水力发电厂的发电容量。尽管这要求新装水轮机、发电机和控制仪表等设备,但现在的输水道诸如隧道、压力水管等一般均处于完好状态,并且稍加改造、包括设置适宜的浪涌控制就可以把它利用,并保持这些管道的最大和最小压力在设计范围以内。同样, I. INTRODUCTION By retrofitting, the power generation capacity of many existing hydropower plants can be economically increased. Although this requires equipment such as newly installed turbines, generators and control instrumentation, current water mains such as tunnels, pressure mains and the like are generally in good condition and can be utilized with minor modifications, including the setting of appropriate surge control Keep the maximum and minimum pressure of these pipes within design limits. same,