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针对成都平原蔬菜生产中大量施用农药、大量灌水的特点,首次在国内应用欧洲官方成熟的农药评估模型——PEARL模型,研究评估了成都平原当前蔬菜生产中的灌溉方式对两种不同特性农药的渗漏的影响。杀毒矾(土壤吸附力(KOM)为0 L/kg,半衰期(DT50)为80 d)在没有灌溉条件下,其渗出土体时的最大质量浓度是190μg.L-1,而有灌溉条件下其渗出质量浓度则可达523μg.L-1,是没有灌溉条件下的2.75倍。三唑磷(KOM为200 L.kg-1,DT50为60 d)在没有灌溉条件下,其渗出土体时的最大质量浓度是0.025μg.L-1,而有灌溉条件下其渗出质量浓度为0.13μg.L-1,比没有灌溉时提高了4.2倍。不管有没有灌溉三唑磷在该地区对地下水的污染风险都很小,而杀毒矾的风险则很高。因此,农药的化学特性是影响农药渗漏的最重要的因子。在蔬菜生产中应尽量选用被土壤吸附力强、半衰期短的农药,例如:三唑磷;农药在土壤中的移动载体是土壤水,不合理的灌溉会大大地加大农药淋溶,应当多使用微喷、滴灌等节水灌溉措施,减少使用漫灌等耗水多的原始灌溉方式。
According to the characteristics of large-scale application of pesticides in Chengdu plain vegetable production, large quantities of irrigation, the first application of the European mature pesticide evaluation model - PARL model for the first time to assess the current Chengdu Chengdu Plain irrigation methods of production of two different characteristics of pesticides The impact of leakage. Antimicrobial (KOM) was 0 L / kg with a half-life (DT50) of 80 d. The maximum mass concentration of excreted soil was 190 μg.L-1 in the absence of irrigation, Under its exudative mass concentration up to 523μg.L-1, 2.75 times under no irrigation conditions. The maximum mass concentration of triazophos (KOM 200 L.kg-1, DT50 60 d) without effluent was 0.025 μg.L-1, while it was oozed under irrigation The mass concentration was 0.13μg.L-1, which was 4.2 times higher than that without irrigation. Irrespective of the availability of triazophos for irrigation there is little risk of contamination of groundwater in the area and the risk of antivirus is high. Therefore, the chemical nature of pesticides is the most important factor affecting the leakage of pesticides. In the production of vegetables, pesticides that are strongly adsorbed by the soil and have a short half-life should be selected as far as possible. For example, triazophos. The carrier of pesticides in soil is soil water. Irrational irrigation will greatly increase pesticide leaching. The use of micro-spray, drip irrigation and other water-saving measures to reduce the use of flooding and other water-intensive way of the original irrigation.