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作为国际上养老保险制度私有化改革的先驱,智利的经验值得借鉴。智利养老保险制度的建立是由于工业化背景下欧美资本和移民的推动所致;由于复杂的种族构成、社会等级的利益差异,以及由考迪罗主义强权政治导致养老保险“特权大众化”等原因,智利养老保险制度陷于财务收支失衡危机;智利养老保险制度私有化改革是出于欧美国家反对拉美地区排斥外国势力的结构主义的需要。智利养老保险制度私有化改革的成功之处在于,在自由市场机制的培育、国有企业私有化改革、国家财政收支均衡化之间形成了良好的互动关系;改革的模式适应了智利国内社会政治形势的特点。
As a pioneer in the privatization of the pension system in the world, the experience of Chile is worth learning from. The establishment of the Chilean pension insurance system is due to the promotion of European and American capitals and immigrants under the background of industrialization. Due to the complicated ethnic composition, the social differences in interests and the endowment insurance led by the power of Caudillo’s doctrine, the “privileged popularization” and so on The reason is that the pension system of Chile is trapped in the imbalance of financial revenue and expenditure. The privatization reform of the pension system in Chile is based on the needs of the European and American countries in opposing the structuralism that excludes foreign forces in Latin America. The success of the privatization reform of the Chilean pension insurance system lies in the good interaction between the cultivation of the free market mechanism, the privatization of state-owned enterprises and the balance of state revenues and expenditures. The reform mode has adapted to the social and political conditions in Chile The characteristics of the situation.