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目的分析陕西省流行性乙型脑炎(乙脑)预防控制和乙脑疫苗接种现状,为制定乙脑预防控制策略提供思路。方法采用整群抽样法对宝鸡市6个县的3 781名儿童及家长进行问卷调查。结果9～21月龄、3岁、7岁乙脑疫苗基础免疫2针接种率分别为:33.17%、93.50%、91.27%,完成2、3、4针合格接种率分别为31.67%、28.63%、2.70%。家长不知道要接种、不知道接种时间、提供接种次数少是未接种及未及时接种的主要原因。3 781位儿童家长中有56.01%的人听说过乙脑,但其对乙脑的危害、传播途径及如何预防等知识知晓率偏低,61.17%人听说过乙脑疫苗,但仅有11.24%的家长知道乙脑疫苗第1针接种月龄。结论目前乙脑疫苗基础免疫接种不及时,合格接种率低,儿童家长对乙脑预防控制知识知晓率偏低,今后应提高乙脑疫苗的合格接种率,加大宣传力度,提高民众的主动防病意识。
Objective To analyze the status of prevention and control of Japanese encephalitis (JE) and Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccination in Shaanxi Province, and to provide some ideas for the prevention and control strategy of JE. Methods A cluster sampling method was used to survey 3 781 children and their parents in 6 counties in Baoji city. Results The 2-dose vaccination rates of 9 to 21 months old, 3 years old and 7 years old JE vaccine were 33.17%, 93.50% and 91.27%, respectively. The eligible vaccination rates of second, third and fourth needle were 31.67% and 28.63% , 2.70%. Parents do not know to be vaccinated, do not know the vaccination time, providing less vaccination is the main reason for not vaccinated and not timely vaccination. Of the 3 781 children’s parents, 56.01% had heard of JE, but their knowledge of the dangers, routes of transmission and prevention of JE were low, 61.17% had heard of JE vaccine, but only 11.24% of parents knew that the first dose of JE vaccine was inoculated on the first month of gestation. Conclusions At present, the basic vaccination of JE vaccine is not timely and the qualified vaccination rate is low. The awareness rate of parents about prevention and control of JE is low. In the future, the eligible vaccination rate of JE vaccine should be increased, publicity should be intensified, and public active prevention should be enhanced Sickness.