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对油菜幼苗期和成熟期各性状进行分析,探讨在高密度下油菜苗期冠层特性和成熟期农艺性状与产量的相关性,为选育适合高密度栽培的油菜品种提供理论依据。通过相关性和主成分分析,结果表明,在油菜幼苗期不同叶型品种(系)的冠层覆盖面积和叶片重合面积不同,有显著性差异,其冠层覆盖面积越大,叶片重合面积越大;其中以叶片重合面积、分枝部位和分枝数的变异系数最大,说明在株型方面有较大的改良空间;在相关性分析中,株高、主花序长、主花序角果数、单株有效角果数、每角粒数、冠层覆盖面积与单株产量呈显著正相关,叶片重合面积与单株产量呈显著负相关。利用主成分分析,可将相关农艺性状分为“产量贡献因子”、“密植株型因子”、“丰产遗传因子”、“密植苗形因子”4大类,在主成分综合评价中以ZX5的得分最高,ZX1得分最低。合理的性状特征是密植高产的基础。
The rapeseed seedlings and maturity of the traits were analyzed to explore the canopy at high seedling canopy traits and maturity agronomic traits and yield correlation, in order to breed suitable for high-density cultivation of rapeseed varieties provide a theoretical basis. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that there were significant differences in the canopy cover area and the leaf cover overlap area among different leaf types (lines) at the rapeseed seedling stage. The larger the canopy cover area, the more the leaf overlap area In the correlation analysis, the plant height, the length of the main inflorescence, the number of the main inflorescence pectin , The number of effective pods per plant, the number of grains per square, the area covered by canopy were significantly and positively correlated with the yield per plant, and the area of overlap of leaves was significantly negatively correlated with the yield per plant. According to principal component analysis, the related agronomic traits can be divided into four categories: “Contribution factor of yield”, “Dense plant type factor”, “High yield genetic factor”, “Dense seedling shape factor” The main component of the comprehensive evaluation of ZX5 the highest score, ZX1 lowest score. Reasonable traits are the basis of close planting and high yield.