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目的了解广东省2004—2008年麻疹流行情况,探讨广东省防制和消除麻疹策略。方法对广东省2004—2008年法定传染病疫情报告系统和广东省麻疹监测系统报告的麻疹监测数据进行描述性流行病学分析。结果广东省2004—2008年共报告麻疹病例67 168例,主要集中在广州、深圳、东莞、中山、佛山,病例数占全省的68.44%。自2005年,非珠江三角洲病例数在总病例数中构成比逐年升高,分别为16.14%(1 849/11 453)、23.37%(3 245/13 884)、27.15%(5 356/19 729)、38.45%(5 850/15 215)(P<0.01)。每年的4—7月为高发季节(占58.15%);2005—2008年8月龄以下、8月龄至1岁、1～6岁年龄组儿童为发病最多的人群,分别占病例总数的14.87%、15.95%、33.95%;流动人口麻疹病例占广东省麻疹病例总数的60.99%;无免疫史和免疫史不详的病例分别占全部病例的46.78%、39.09%;全省共报告麻疹暴发疫情189起,报告病例2 357例。结论广东省近年麻疹发病仍主要集中在珠三角地区,但呈现非珠三角地区病例数在全省构成比上升的趋势,且小于8月龄病例构成比逐年增加。应提高2剂次麻疹疫苗的接种率和及时接种率,落实查验预防接种证工作,加强疫情监测,强化疫点处理。
Objective To understand the prevalence of measles in Guangdong Province from 2004 to 2008 and to discuss the strategy of preventing and eliminating measles in Guangdong Province. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis was conducted on measles surveillance data reported by the legal infectious disease epidemic reporting system in Guangdong Province during 2004-2008 and measles surveillance system in Guangdong Province. Results A total of 67 168 measles cases were reported in Guangdong Province from 2004 to 2008, mainly in Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dongguan, Zhongshan and Foshan, accounting for 68.44% of the total cases in the province. Since 2005, the number of cases in the non-Pearl River Delta has risen year by year from 16.14% (1 849/11 453), 23.37% (3 245/13 884), 27.15% (5 356/19 729) ), 38.45% (5 850/15 215) (P <0.01). From April to July of each year, it was a high incidence season (58.15%); children under 8 months of age from 2005 to 2008, aged from 8 months to 1 year and from 1 to 6 years old were the most frequently infected persons, accounting for 14.87 %, 15.95% and 33.95% respectively. The measles cases of floating population accounted for 60.99% of the total cases of measles in Guangdong Province. The cases without any history of immunization and unknown immunization accounted for 46.78% and 39.09% of the total cases, respectively. Two 357 reported cases were reported. Conclusion The incidence of measles in Guangdong Province in recent years is still mainly concentrated in the Pearl River Delta region. However, the number of non-Pearl River Delta region cases in the province tends to increase, while the proportion of cases less than 8 months of age is increasing year by year. The vaccination rate and prompt vaccination rate of two doses of measles vaccine should be increased, the work of checking and vaccination certificates should be implemented, the epidemic situation monitoring should be strengthened, and the epidemic treatment should be strengthened.