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为阐明高寒高海拔地区高等级公路边坡侵蚀规律,为防治公路边坡水土流失提供理论依据,以青海省共和至玉树公路路基裸露边坡为研究对象,采用野外径流冲刷试验分析了汇流对高寒高海拔地区公路边坡的侵蚀规律与防护策略。分析结果表明:6.0、10.0、14.5L·min~(-1)流量下产流时间较3.5L·min~(-1)流量下产流时间分别提前了23.83、107.63、108.13s,冲刷流量越大,产流时间越短;3.5、6.0、10.0、14.5L·min~(-1)流量下总产沙量分别为14.65、20.42、43.61、32.20kg,产沙量先增大后减小;累积产流量与累积产沙量的关系满足幂函数形式;冲刷流量与侵蚀产沙量呈显著正相关。可见有效减少路面径流是减少高速公路边坡侵蚀量的关键,配套排水措施应具有迅速将路面汇流汇集排出的功能;高寒高海拔地区边坡防护应减少圬工防护措施,在边坡植被恢复时应采用合理的覆盖措施及固土措施。
In order to clarify the erosion pattern of high-grade highway slopes in alpine area and high altitude, and provide a theoretical basis for prevention and control of soil erosion in highway slopes, taking the bare slope of Qinghai Gonghe-Yushu highway subgrade as the research object, Erosion Regularity and Protective Strategy of Highway Slope in High Altitude Area. The results show that the runoff time under the flow of 6.0, 10.0, 14.5L · min ~ (-1) is 23.83,107.63,108.13s ahead of the flow of 3.5L · min -1 The total sediment yield at the flow rates of 3.5, 6.0, 10.0 and 14.5 L · min -1 was 14.65, 20.42, 43.61 and 3.20 kg, respectively. The sediment yield first increased and then decreased. The relationship between cumulative runoff and cumulative sediment yield satisfied the power function form. There was a significant positive correlation between erosion flux and erosion and sediment yield. It can be seen that effectively reducing road runoff is the key to reducing the amount of erosion on expressway slopes. Supporting drainage measures should have the function of rapidly collecting and condensing the road surface. For the protection of slopes in high altitude and high altitude regions, the protection measures should be reduced. When slope vegetation is restored Reasonable covering measures and soil fixing measures should be adopted.