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Objective:We aimed to examine the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and the relationship with the pathological types, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, the degree of dif erentiation, smoking and the survival. Methods:Immunohisto-chemical staining method was used to examine the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 of 121 cases of lung cancer and three control groups. The data were statistical y analyzed. Results:Compared with the health group, cyclooxygenase-2 was over expressed in the inflammatory tissue (P=0.036), lung adenocarcinoma (P=0.005) and squamous carcinoma (P=0.047). Compared with patients without lymph node metastasis, cyclooxygenase-2 was over expressed (P=0.033) in patients with lymph node metastasis. Compared with high dif erentiation group, cyclooxygenase-2 was over expressed (P=0.004) in low dif erentiation group. Compared with non-smokers, the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 increased in smokers (P=0.000). The median survival time of patients that the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 were negative was 9 months (95%CI, 5.6-12.4 months). The median survival time of patients that the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 were positive was 5 months (95%CI, 3-7 months). They was statistical dif erence (P=0.001). Conclusion:Overexpression of cyclooxygenase-2 is associated with pathological types, TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, degrees of dif erentiation, smoking and prognosis in lung cancer.