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外科病理学家在诊断方面,常遇到的困难问题是判断转移癌的来源。测定肿瘤相关产物有助于阐明各种肿瘤的组织发生及其解剖学来源。乳腺癌能产生多种肿瘤相关标记物,这是已被公认的。有些产物是与乳腺组织相适应的,如乳蛋白。包括酪蛋白及α-乳清蛋白;有些与乳腺组织不相适应,如癌胚抗原及胎盘蛋白等。将免疫组化方法引入病理化验室,有助于用特殊的诊断技术并有效地解决转移癌来源这一疑难问题。α-乳清蛋白(ALA)为一种乳蛋白,是由分化的乳腺上皮所合成,起着乳糖合成酶反应中蛋白调节物的作用。因此可作为乳腺上皮分化的标记。
The difficult problem that surgical pathologists often encounter in diagnosis is to determine the source of metastatic cancer. The determination of tumor-associated products can help elucidate the histogenesis and anatomy of various tumors. It has been recognized that breast cancer can produce a variety of tumor-associated markers. Some products are compatible with breast tissue, such as milk proteins. Including casein and α-lactalbumin; Some are not compatible with breast tissue, such as carcinoembryonic antigen and placental protein. The introduction of immunohistochemical methods into pathological laboratories facilitates the use of special diagnostic techniques and effectively solves the difficult problem of metastatic cancer sources. Alpha-lactalbumin (ALA) is a milk protein that is synthesized by differentiated mammary epithelium and acts as a protein regulator in the lactose synthase reaction. Therefore, it can be used as a marker of breast epithelial differentiation.