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目的:研究秋季全光照及水杨酸等处理对人参生理生化及药材质量的影响。方法:秋季全光照条件下喷施水杨酸,6-苄氨基嘌呤、芸苔素内酯等生长激素,测定超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、过氧化物酶(POD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量、光合指标及人参皂苷类成分含量等。结果:全光照条件下空白组虽然净光合速率有所提高,但抗氧化酶SOD,CAT,POD等活性降低,且MDA含量较高,可能会对植株造成一定伤害。全光照条件下喷施3种激素后,植株均表现较强的抗氧化能力和较高的净光合速率,表现为水杨酸>6-苄氨基嘌呤>芸苔素内酯。在水杨酸组中,0.2,1.0 mmol·L-1水杨酸组与空白组相比,SOD活性分别提高了39.9%,43.2%,CAT提高了43.1%,57.2%,POD提高了63.5%,64.5%,净光合速率提高了17.1%,16.3%;与传统遮荫的对照组相比,SOD活性分别提高了1.1%,3.5%,CAT提高了40.6%,54.5%,POD提高了42.0%,42.8%,净光合速率提高了33.2%,32.3%;1.0 mmol·L-1水杨酸组较对照组及空白组显著提高了人参皂苷Rg1,Re的含量。结论:全光照处理破坏了人参叶片结构,降低人参质量,0.2~1.0 mmol·L-1水杨酸具有较强抗衰老作用,在秋季全光照条件施用可以提高人参质量。
Objective: To study the effects of total light and salicylic acid on the physiological, biochemical and medicinal quality of ginseng in autumn. Methods: Growth hormone such as salicylic acid, 6-benzylaminopurine and brassinolide were sprayed under full light in autumn. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidation (POD) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, photosynthetic parameters and ginsenoside content. Results: The net photosynthetic rate of the blank group increased under full light conditions, but the activities of SOD, CAT, POD and other activities were lower and the content of MDA was higher, which may cause some damage to the plant. Under full light condition, the three plants showed strong antioxidant capacity and high net photosynthetic rate, which showed salicylic acid> 6-benzylaminopurine> brassinolide. In salicylic acid group, SOD activity increased by 39.9%, 43.2%, CAT increased by 43.1%, 57.2%, POD increased by 63.5% compared with the blank group in 0.2, 1.0 mmol·L-1 salicylic acid group, , 64.5% and net photosynthetic rate increased by 17.1% and 16.3% respectively. SOD activity increased by 1.1% and 3.5% respectively compared with shading control group, CAT increased by 40.6% and 54.5%, POD increased by 42.0% , 42.8%, and the net photosynthetic rate increased by 33.2% and 32.3% respectively. Compared with the control group and blank group, the contents of ginsenoside Rg1 and Re in 1.0 mmol·L-1 salicylic acid group increased significantly. CONCLUSION: All-illumination treatment destroys the leaf structure of ginseng and reduces the quality of ginseng. Salicylic acid 0.2-2.0 mmol·L -1 has a strong anti-aging effect, and the application of total light in autumn can improve the quality of ginseng.