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在被告人、被害人与国家这一刑事法律关系的“三元结构模式”中,刑事被害人处于相对弱势的位置,要实现三者利益的均衡,必须加强被害人权利保护。本文从被害人权利保护的历史发展演变过程着手,认真梳理了被害人权利保护在刑事法学理论和司法实践中的纠葛,提出被害人权利保护的选择路径,主张遵循均衡原则、全面保护原则、适度倾斜原则,对被害人实体权利和程序权利的保障进行整合,按照程序权利保障先行、程序选择权利次之、实体权利需要加强的方案,推进被害人权利保护机制的构建。
In the “ternary structure model ” of the criminal legal relationship between the accused, the victim and the state, the criminal victim is in a relatively disadvantaged position. To balance the interests of the three parties, the victim’s rights protection must be strengthened. This paper begins with the historical development and evolution of victims’ rights protection, conscientiously disputes the protection of victims’ rights in the criminal law theory and judicial practice, puts forward the choice path of victims’ rights protection, advocates the principle of equilibrium, comprehensive protection and proper inclination, The protection of victims’ entity rights and procedural rights should be integrated. In accordance with the prerequisite of procedural rights protection, the second one is the choice of procedural rights, and the third one is the strengthening of substantive rights, so as to promote the construction of victim rights protection mechanism.