本研究选取1271名1-6年级小学生为被试,采用6～12岁儿童自立行为问卷结合访谈法考察了小学生自立发展的年龄差异、性别差异、城乡差异、寄宿与非寄宿差异、独生子女与非独生子女差异等。结果表明:6～12岁儿童自立发展的年龄差异显著,各分量表分均表现出随年龄而递增的趋势,但发展并不是匀速和直线式的;自立总分和学业自立、道德自立、自我行动、自我负责分量表分上存在显著的性别差异,女生显著高于男生,其它分量表分无显著性别差异;农村儿童在所有分量表上的得分均显著低于城市儿童;独生子女与非独生子女的自立行为发展未见显著差异;非寄宿儿童自立程度高于寄宿儿童。 In this study, 1271 pupils aged 1-6 were enrolled in this study. The self-supporting behavior questionnaire of 6-12 years old children was used to investigate the differences of age, sex, urban-rural differences, differences between boarding and non-boarding, Non-only child differences and so on. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the age of self-reliance among children aged 6 to 12, and all subscales showed an increasing tendency with age. However, the development was not uniform and straight-line. The self-reliance score, academic independence, moral self-reliance and self- There were significant gender differences in behavior and self-responsibility subscales, girls were significantly higher than boys, and there was no significant gender differences in other subscales; rural children scored significantly lower on all subscales than urban children; only children and non-only children There was no significant difference in the development of women’s self-reliance behavior. The degree of self-reliance of non-boarding children was higher than that of boarding children.