目的探讨阴道镜联合宫颈刮片的细胞学检查对子宫病变的临床诊断意义。方法通过对296例宫颈异常患者进行宫颈刮片和阴道镜检查,以病理组织学诊断为标准,用特异性、敏感性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值进行对比分析。结果宫颈刮片及阴道镜细胞学检查296例。病理结果显示宫颈上皮病变(CIN)286例,占96.6%,其中CINⅠ156例(52.7%),CINⅡ99例(33.5%),CINⅢ41(13.8%),宫颈癌0例(0%)。宫颈刮片及阴道镜细胞学检查诊断CIN符合率96.7%,阴道镜检查对CIN的诊断符合率91.64%,两者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用宫颈刮片细胞学检查联合阴道镜下多点活检病理检查能及早发现宫颈病变。 Objective To investigate the clinical significance of colposcopy combined with cervical smears in the diagnosis of uterine lesions. Methods Cervical smears and colposcopy were performed on 296 patients with cervical abnormalities. The pathological diagnosis was used as the standard, and the specificity, sensitivity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were compared. Results Cervical smears and colposcopy cytology in 296 cases. Pathological findings showed that 286 cases of cervical epithelial lesions (CIN) accounted for 96.6%, of which CINⅠ156 cases (52.7%), CINⅡ99 cases (33.5%), CINⅢ41 (13.8%) and cervical cancer 0 cases (0%). Cervical smear and colposcopy cytology diagnosis of CIN coincidence rate of 96.7%, colposcopy colposcopy diagnosis of CIN 91.64%, the difference between the two was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion Cervical smear cytology combined with colposcopy biopsy pathological examination can detect cervical lesions early.