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当代社会学经历着两场重大的争论。其一是社会学作为一门起源于工业化和近代国家形成的学科 ,在后现代社会中将占有什么样的地位。再者是社会学一方面负有纯学术使命 ,另一方面又同政治和经济权力有着密切联系 ,由此而产生了它对于这两者的义务的长期争论。这样的争论对发展中国家的意义何在 ?智利的情况表明 ,不能把这两个问题孤立起来 ,因为社会科学的发展乃是重大政治变动的产物。智利的社会学家们对于他们的学科的前途有着不同的看法。在一些人看来 ,主要威胁在于社会学没有能力阐释社会变革和后现代社会的状况。而另一些人则认为 ,危险并非来自学科本身 ,而来自过度热衷于作为技术官僚权力代言人的社会学家。
Contemporary sociology is experiencing two major debates. First, sociology, as a discipline originated from industrialization and modern state, will occupy a position in post-modern society. Furthermore, sociology, on the one hand, has a purely academic mission and on the other hand, it has close ties with political and economic power, which gives rise to its long-standing controversy over the obligations of both. What is the significance of such a debate for developing countries? The situation in Chile shows that it is impossible to isolate these two issues because the development of social science is a product of major political changes. Chilean sociologists have different opinions about the future of their discipline. The main threat, in the eyes of some, is the inability of sociology to explain the conditions of social change and postmodern society. Others, on the other hand, argue that the danger does not come from the discipline itself but from sociologists who are overly keen on acting as the spokesperson for technical bureaucracies.