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相对于月球正面大面积平坦的月海区域,月球背面地形整体崎岖复杂,因此地形地貌的变化会对探测器的软着陆探测产生一定的影响。从任务设计、着陆器设计和月面工作程序3个方面分析了“嫦娥4号”着陆区南极–艾特肯盆地(South-Pole Aitken Basin,SPA),及其相对于“嫦娥3号”着陆区的变化,主要结论包括:1)着陆区范围缩小,由“嫦娥3号”着陆区经度范围16.4°和纬度范围3°,减小到经度范围约4°和纬度范围约2°;2)动力下降策略更改,动力下降过程主减速段结束后,着陆器由斜向前运动轨迹改为接近垂直向下运动轨迹,同时更改测距敏感器的引入时机;3)提高微波测距测速敏感器信号发射功率和信噪比;4)着陆后需要预测着陆器的光照和测控被地形遮挡的情况,然后制定如休眠或月食模式等相应策略等。通过以上优化设计,“嫦娥4号”任务可适应月球背面地形地貌的变化,有效降低着陆过程和月面工作的风险。
Relative to the large lunar surface area of the moon on the vast area of the moon back of the terrain as a whole rugged complex, so changes in topography will probe the soft landing exploration have a certain impact. From the aspects of mission design, lander design and lunar surface working procedure, the author analyzes the South-Pole Aitken Basin (“SPA”) of “Chang’e 4” landing area and its relative “ The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The landing zone is narrowed down from the latitude of 16.4 ° and the latitude of 3 ° to the longitude of 4 ° and latitude About 2 °; 2) The power downgrade strategy is changed. After the main deceleration section of the power descent process is over, the lander changes from the oblique forward trajectory to the vertical downward trajectory while changing the introduction timing of the distance measuring sensor; 3) Microwave rangefinder speed sensor signal transmission power and signal to noise ratio; 4) after landing the need to predict the lander illumination and monitoring and control by terrain obstruction, and then develop such as sleep or lunar eclipse mode and other appropriate strategies. Through the above optimization design, the ”Chang’e 4" mission can adapt to changes in the topography of the moon’s back and effectively reduce the risk of landing and lunar surface work.