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高海拔地区的低氧是造成孕期胎儿低氧的重要因素。环境低氧促使母体通过生理性调节使其能够利用有限的氧来维持母体以及胎儿内环境的相对稳态,并提供胎儿发育所需要的氧。本文就近年来有关高海拔地区低氧环境对孕期胎儿发育影响的研究进行总结,并从高海拔地区胎儿出生体重特征、母体生理功能的变化、遗传及胎盘影响因素等方面分析高海拔低氧影响孕期胎儿发育的原因,以期为生活在高海拔环境下妇女生育保健及由慢性低氧所致胎儿发育生长障碍的治疗以及干预提供参考。
Hypoxia in high altitude is an important factor in fetal hypoxia during pregnancy. Environmental hypoxia encourages maternal physiological regulation to enable it to utilize limited oxygen to maintain the relative homeostasis of the maternal and fetal environment and provide the oxygen needed for fetal development. In this paper, we summarize the impact of hypoxic environment on fetal development in high altitude in recent years, and analyze the influence of high altitude and hypoxia on pregnancy from the characteristics of fetal birth weight, maternal physiological function, heredity and placenta influencing factors in high altitude areas. Fetal development reasons, in order to live in high-altitude environment of women’s reproductive health and chronic hypoxia caused by fetal growth retardation treatment and intervention provide a reference.