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二次世界大战前各个国家贸易保护主义盛行,进口关税很高。为此在古巴哈瓦那召开的联合国贸易和就业会议决定筹建一个国际贸易组织。然而美国国会没有通过这次会议产生的哈瓦那宪章,提出用哈瓦那宪章的一个附件关税与贸易总协定来代替联合国的国际贸易组织。随后关贸总协定逐步发展并替代了原来的国际贸易组织。1947年10月30日23个国家的代表在日内瓦签订关税与贸易总协定。
Trade protectionism prevailed in various countries before the Second World War, and import duties were high. To this end, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Employment held in Havana, Cuba decided to set up an international trade organization. However, the U.S. Congress failed to pass the Havana Charter resulting from this meeting and proposed to replace the United Nations’ International Trade Organization with the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, an annex to the Havana Charter. Then GATT gradually developed and replaced the original International Trade Organization. On October 30, 1947, representatives of 23 countries signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade in Geneva.