论文部分内容阅读
研究从生长、健康和营养价值方面评估了高水平的双低菜粕替代饲料鱼粉对大黄鱼潜在的危害。在鱼粉含量60%的基础饲料(FM)上按照质量分数用双低菜粕分别替代15%(CM15)、30%(CM30)、60%(CM60)和100%(CM100)的鱼粉,配制成5种实验饲料。每种饲料投喂5个网箱的大黄鱼[初重(135.38±1.02)g],即每个处理5个重复,进行12周的养殖实验。结果表明,当双低菜粕替代水平在15%和30%时,大黄鱼的生长及饲料系数并没有受到显著性的影响。然而,当替代水平高于30%时,大黄鱼的末重和特定生长率均显著降低,而饲料系数显著升高(P<0.05)。当替代水平达到100%时,大黄鱼摄食率达到最高值而肥满度达到最低值(P<0.05)。在组织形态方面,大黄鱼摄食双低菜粕替代的饲料后肠道绒毛的弯曲程度减少并且排列更加不规则,而肝细胞则呈现出圆形空泡状并伴随着细胞核的偏移。对大黄鱼骨骼进行X-射线扫描发现,摄食双低菜粕的大黄鱼椎体和头部出现了畸形。在营养价值方面,双低菜粕替代鱼粉并未显著影响大黄鱼背肌的脂肪含量、蛋白含量和氨基酸组成,然而脂肪酸组成受到了显著影响,即N-6系列脂肪酸含量显著升高,而DHA与EPA含量显著降低(P<0.05)。根据欧洲食品安全局(EFSA)的相关标准,这些营养价值的变化并没有影响大黄鱼作为健康食品的功能。由此可见,高水平(60%和100%)的双低菜粕替代鱼粉对大黄鱼的负面影响主要表现为降低大黄鱼的生长性能、改变肠道和肝脏组织形态,以及影响大黄鱼的骨骼健康。然而,双低菜粕替代鱼粉养殖大黄鱼的肌肉仍然符合人类的膳食要求。因此,双低菜粕替代鱼粉并没有影响大黄鱼作为食用鱼的营养价值。
The study assessed the potential damage to big yellow croaker from high levels of alternative meal fishmeal from canola meal in terms of growth, health and nutritional value. Fish meal with 15% (CM15), 30% (CM30), 60% (CM60) and 100% (CM100) were respectively replaced with canola meal by the mass fraction based on the mass fraction on the basis of 60% 5 kinds of experimental feed. Large yellow croaker [135.38 ± 1.02 g] fed 5 cages per feed, 5 replicates per treatment, for a 12-week culture experiment. The results showed that when the replacement level of canola meal was 15% and 30%, the growth and feed efficiency of big yellow croaker did not significantly affect. However, when the replacement level was higher than 30%, the final weight and specific growth rate of large yellow croaker significantly decreased, but the feed coefficient increased significantly (P <0.05). When the level of substitution reached 100%, the maximum feeding rate of big yellow croaker reached the highest value and the fatness reached the lowest value (P <0.05). In the aspect of tissue morphology, the curvature of intestinal villi decreased and arranged more irregularly when large yellow croaker fed the canola meal instead of the feed, while the hepatocytes presented a round vacuole accompanied by the shift of the nucleus. An X-ray scan of the large yellow croaker’s skeleton revealed that deformities occurred in the vertebral body and head of large yellow croaker fed canola meal. In terms of nutritional value, the replacement of fishmeal with canola meal did not significantly affect the fat content, protein content and amino acid composition of the back muscle of the large yellow croaker, however, the fatty acid composition was significantly affected, ie the content of N-6 fatty acids was significantly increased, while DHA And EPA content decreased significantly (P <0.05). According to the relevant standards of the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), these changes in nutritional value did not affect the function of large yellow croaker as a healthy food. Thus, the negative effects of high-level (60% and 100%) canola meal replacement on large yellow croaker are mainly to reduce the growth performance of large yellow croaker, change the intestinal and liver tissue morphology, as well as affect the skeleton of large yellow croaker health. However, the diet of canola meal instead of fishmeal to produce large yellow croaker still meets human dietary requirements. Therefore, the replacement of canned meal by canola meal did not affect the nutritional value of big yellow croaker as a food fish.