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目的:探讨不同透析时机对腹膜透析（腹透）患者预后的影响。方法:回顾性分析2012年1月1日至2019年3月25日在北京大学深圳医院接受腹透新置管并长期随访患者的临床资料。根据患者接受置管术时的估算肾小球滤过率（eGFR）将入选患者分为早透析组[eGFR>5.5 ml·minn -1·(1.73 mn 2)n -1]和晚透析组[eGFR≤5.5 ml·minn -1·(1.73 mn 2)n -1]，随访终点事件为转其他肾脏替代治疗（如血液透析、肾移植）或死亡。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制生存曲线，Log-rank检验比较两组患者间生存率的差异。用Cox比例风险模型法分析腹透患者全因死亡及技术死亡的影响因素。n 结果:共342例腹透患者入选本研究，早透析组165例，晚透析组177例。与早透析组比较，晚透析组患者合并糖尿病比例、男性比例及血红蛋白、血钙及COn 2结合力水平较低，而合并高血压比例、血磷、血尿酸、血尿素氮水平较高（均n P<0.05）。中位随访时间33（16，57）个月。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示，晚透析组患者累积生存率显著高于早透析组（Log-rankn χ2=12.004，n P0.05），但与置管年龄存在交互（交互n P值5.5 ml·minn -1·(1.73 mn 2)n -1] and late-dialysis group [eGFR≤5.5 ml·minn -1·(1.73 mn 2)n -1]. The endpoint events were transferred to other renal replacement therapy (such as hemodialysis, kidney transplantation) or death. Kaplan-Meier method was used to draw survival curve, and log-rank test was used to compare the difference of survival rate between the two groups. Cox proportional hazard model was used to analyze the influencing factors of all-cause death and technical death in PD patients.n Results:A total of 342 PD patients were enrolled in this study, and there were 165 cases and 177 cases in the early-dialysis and the late-dialysis group respectively. Compared with the early-dialysis group, the proportion of patients with diabetes and men, and the level of hemoglobin, serum calcium and COn 2 binding capacity in the late-dialysis group were lower, while the incidence of hypertension, serum phosphorus, blood uric acid and blood urea nitrogen level were higher in the late-dialysis group (all n P<0.05). The median follow-up time was 33(16, 57) months. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the cumulative survival rate of late-dialysis group was significantly higher than that of early-dialysis group (Log-rankn χ2=12.004, n P0.05), but there was interaction between dialysis time and catheter age (interactiven P<0.05). According to the age of catheterization, the risk of all-cause death were higher in the early dialysis group at a young age (≤48 years old) (n HR=21.287, 95%n CI 2.609-173.665, n P=0.004).n Conclusions:The mortality rate of PD patients is higher in early-dialysis group, which is independent of gender, age, BMI, diabetes and hypertension. The difference is more distinct in low age group.