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为指导河南小麦/玉米生产中钾肥的合理施用,于2010-2012年在高、中和低三种土壤供钾水平的试验点,研究了施钾量及施钾技术对小麦/玉米轮作产量、钾肥利用效率及土壤钾素平衡的影响。结果表明,在高钾、中钾和低钾土壤上施用钾肥,玉米分别增产4.76%~12.49%、7.56%~16.08%和7.01%~22.61%;小麦分别增产6.87%~13.87%、11.19%~18.57%和18.71%~27.49%。在不同供钾水平土壤上小麦钾肥利用效率均高于玉米,钾肥偏生产力表现为高钾点>中钾点>低钾点,高钾点钾肥当季利用率较高,低钾点的农学效率较高;当施钾量为90、135kg·hm-2时,小麦和玉米均以钾肥分2次施用效果较好;施钾量为45kg·hm-2时,玉米以底施较好,小麦以追施较好。低钾和中钾点在施钾量大于45kg·hm-2时,基本就能维持土壤钾素平衡,而高钾点则在施钾量大于90kg·hm-2时土壤钾素才有盈余。综合来看,高、中和低钾点适宜的钾肥用量分别在45、90、135kg·hm-2左右,以钾肥分2次施用效果较好。
In order to guide the reasonable application of potash fertilizer in wheat / corn production in Henan, the effects of applying potassium fertilizer and potassium fertilization on yield of wheat / corn were studied at the test sites of high, medium and low potassium supply in 2010-2012. Potassium utilization efficiency and soil potassium balance. The results showed that the yield of wheat was increased by 4.76% -12.49%, 7.56% -16.08% and 7.01% -22.61%, respectively. The yield of wheat increased 6.87% -13.87% and 11.19% 18.57% and 18.71% ~ 27.49%. Potassium utilization efficiency of wheat was higher than that of corn at different levels of potassium supply. The partial productivity of potassium showed high potassium point> middle potassium point> low potassium point, high potassium point potassium fertilizer had a higher utilization rate in the season, and agronomic efficiency of low potassium point Higher than the control. When potassium was 90,135kg · hm-2, both wheat and corn were better applied with potassium fertilizer twice. When potassium was 45kg · hm-2, To chase better. Under potassium and potassium stress, soil potassium balance was basically maintained when the potassium application rate was more than 45 kg · hm-2, while the soil potassium had a surplus when the potassium application was greater than 90 kg · hm-2. Taken together, the suitable K fertilization rates for high, medium and low potassium were about 45, 90 and 135 kg · hm-2, respectively.