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近年来,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌在全世界各地感染率和分离率不断提高,已成为目前院内感染的重要病原菌之一。运用有效、可靠、廉价的分子分型方法对分析耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的流行病学特征及来源,对制定控制院感及流行的措施非常重要的。本研究概述了各种分子分型方法的原理及比较,如SCCmec分型、脉冲场凝胶电泳分型、多位点序列分型、葡萄球菌A蛋白分型和毒力因子分型等。脉冲场凝胶电泳仍然是暴发流行中MRSA分子分型的金标准,而其他分型方法更适合用于检测菌株的变异和建立国际监测。
In recent years, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection rates and isolation rates around the world continue to increase, has become one of the important pathogen of nosocomial infections. Analyzing the epidemiological characteristics and sources of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus using an effective, reliable and inexpensive molecular typing method is very important for the development of measures to control nosocomial infections and epidemics. This review summarizes the principles and comparisons of various molecular typing methods such as SCCmec typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, multisite sequencing, staphylococcal protein A typing and virulence factor typing. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis is still the gold standard for molecular typing of MRSA in outbreaks, whereas other typing methods are more suitable for detecting strains and establishing international monitoring.