由于人口密度增高、工业和交通发展等因素,自然灾害或人为引起的灾害(如恐怖活动、化学与核事故、建筑物倒塌、大型交通事故等)对人类的危害程度不断增加。因此,医院作为医疗系统的重要组成部分,精确筹备应急计划,确保医疗工作从初期混乱恢复到有序至关重要。灾害具有不可预判性和突然性,但它不是完全随机发生的,一定程度上可以被预见~([1])。在特定区域,灾害类型(如龙卷风、火灾、地震、核灾害事件)甚 Due to the increase of population density, industrial and transportation development and other factors, natural hazards or man-made disasters (such as terrorist activities, chemical and nuclear accidents, buildings collapses, large-scale traffic accidents, etc.) are increasingly harmful to human beings. Therefore, as an important part of the medical system, it is very important for hospitals to prepare emergency plans accurately and ensure that medical work resumes from chaos to order. Disasters are unpredictable and sudden, but they are not completely random and can be predicted to some extent ~ ([1]). In specific areas, types of disasters (such as tornadoes, fires, earthquakes, nuclear disasters) are significant