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目的:探讨急性轻型缺血性脑卒中患者扩大的血管周围间隙(EPVS)与脑卒中后认知功能障碍(PSCI)的关系。方法:收集青岛大学附属医院神经内科自2019年10月至2021年6月收治的急性轻型缺血性脑卒中患者234例，入院后7 d采用蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)评估患者认知功能，根据MoCA评分将患者分为认知功能正常组(MoCA评分≥26分)和认知功能障碍组(MoCA评分<26分)。比较2组患者临床资料、影像学资料的差异，采用多因素Logistic回归分析确定PSCI的独立影响因素，采用Spearman秩相关分析检验认知功能障碍组患者基底节EPVS严重程度与MoCA总分、各认知域评分的相关性。结果:234例患者中认知功能正常73例(31.2%)，认知功能障碍161例(68.8%)。与认知功能正常组比较，认知功能障碍组患者的年龄较大、受教育年限较低、空腹血糖较高，中重度基底节EPVS所占比例较高，脑白质病变(WML)分级2级、3级者所占比例较高，差异均有统计学意义(n P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析显示年龄、受教育年限、基底节EPVS、WML分级是PSCI的独立影响因素(n OR=1.049，n 95%CI：1.007~1.093，n P=0.021；n OR=0.910，n 95%CI：0.832~0.995，n P=0.039；n OR=0.760，n 95%CI：1.176~2.637，n P=0.006；n OR=2.270，n 95%CI：1.219~4.228，n P=0.010)。相关性分析显示，认知功能障碍组患者基底节EPVS严重程度与MoCA总分，视空间和执行能力、注意力、语言、延迟回忆评分呈负相关关系(n P<0.05)。n 结论:年龄较大、受教育年限较低、WML分级较高、基底节EPVS较严重的是急性轻型缺血性脑卒中患者易发生PSCI，基底节EPVS主要影响的认知域为视空间和执行能力、注意力、语言、延迟回忆。“,”Objective:To investigate the relations between enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS) and cognitive impairment in patients with acute mild ischemic stroke.Methods:A total of 234 patients with acute mild ischemic stroke admitted to our hospital from October 2019 to June 2021 were chosen in our study. According to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) scores 7 d after admission, these patients were divided into normal cognitive function group (MoCA scores≥26) and cognitive impairment group (MoCA scores<26). The clinical data and imaging data of patients from the 2 groups were compared. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent influencing factors for post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI). Spearman correlation analysis was performed to analyze the correlations of severity degrees of EPVS of basal ganglia with MoCA total scores and each cognitive domain scores in patients from cognitive impairment group.Results:Among the 234 patients, 73 (31.2%) had normal cognitive function and 161 (68.8%) had cognitive impairment. As compared with normal cognitive function group, patients from cognitive impairment group had significantly older age, significantly less years of education, statistically higher fasting blood glucose level, significantly higher proportion of patients with moderate and severe basal ganglia EPVS, and significantly higher proportion of patients with white matter lesion (WML) grading 2 and 3 (n P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age, years of education, basal ganglia EPVS and WML grading were independent influencing factors for PSCI (n OR=1.049, n 95%CI: 1.007-1.093, n P=0.021; n OR=0.910, n 95%CI: 0.832-0.995, n P=0.039; n OR=0.760, n 95%CI: 1.176-2.637, n P=0.006; n OR=2.270, n 95%CI: 1.219-4.228, n P=0.010). Correlation analysis showed that the severity degrees of basal ganglia EPVS were negatively correlated with MoCA scores, and scores of visual space and executive ability scale, attention scale, language scale and delayed recall scale (n P<0.05).n Conclusion:Acute mild ischemic stroke patients with older age, less years of education, severer basal ganglia EPVS and higher WML grading trends to have cognitive impairment; basal ganglia EPVS mainly affects the cognitive domains of visual space and executive ability, attention, language, and delayed recall.