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利用2个K型小麦雄性不育系、21个恢复系及2个对照材料,组配杂交组合,经杂交、自交获得F1(AXR)和F2等世代材料,并考查其自交结实率,结合植物数量性状主基因+多基因混合遗传模型进行遗传分析,同时对部分组合的育性稳定性进行研究。结果表明:K型小麦雄性不育系的育性基因rf主要由雌配子传递,属配子体雄性不育类型;育性受2对加性-显性主基因+加性-显性多基因共同控制,且第1对主基因控制育性的作用强于第2对主基因;在F2群体中主基因的遗传率为62.44%,多基因遗传率为0,环境方差占表现型方差的37.56%,说明该类型小麦雄性不育性以主基因遗传为主,同时受多基因和环境的影响。育性稳定性研究表明,虽然K型细胞质雄性不育小麦的育性恢复年际间波动很大,但通过筛选可以获得恢复度高且稳定的恢复系,进而为杂交小麦的育种提供支持。
Two K type wheat male sterile lines, 21 restorer lines and two control materials were used in combination with cross combination to obtain F1 (AXR) and F2 generations of hybrid materials by crossing and selfing. The selfing rate, Genetic analysis was conducted on a combination of major gene + polygene mixed genetic model of plant quantitative traits, and the fertility stability of some combinations was also studied. The results showed that fertility gene rf of K-type male sterile line was mainly transferred by female gametes and was a male gametophyte type. Fertility was controlled by two pairs of additive-dominance major genes plus additive-dominance polygenes , And the first pair of main genes controlling fertility was stronger than that of the second pair of major genes. The heritability of the major genes in F2 population was 62.44%, the polygene heritability was 0, the environmental variance accounted for 37.56% of the phenotypic variance, The results showed that male sterility of wheat of this type mainly dominated by major genes and influenced by many genes and environment at the same time. Fertility stability studies showed that although the fertility restoration of K-type cytoplasmically male sterile wheat fluctuated spatially from year to year, the restorer lines with high recovery and stability could be obtained by screening, which could provide support for the breeding of hybrid wheat.