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目的了解基本型乡镇卫生院辖区居民家庭所备存的药物、医药器械及便携式药包情况,为设计适合农村居民使用的便携药包提供参考。方法采用单纯随机抽样与整群抽样相结合的方法,对河北、江西与甘肃3个基本型卫生院所辖139户居民的家庭常用药品与药械配备及放置情况进行了调查与分析。结果基本型乡镇居民家庭常用药物的配备率依次为:感冒药最高为63.3%、创口贴40.3%、风油精36.7%、清凉油36.0%、高血压用药23.0%、碘酊18.0%、糖尿病用药2.2%、其他24.5%。家庭常用药械的配备率依次为:体温计最高为44.6%、棉签39.6%、血压计8.6%、注射器7.2%、其他16.5%。家庭常用药品及药械主要存放在固定抽屉达48.9%,只有4.3%的家庭拥有特定的放置药品与药械的便携式药包。结论基本型卫生院辖区农村居民家庭药品配备率较高,且多数为非处方药;家庭医用器械配备率不高,家庭便携式药包配备率极低,药品与医用器械存放的随意性较大,可能成为不合理用药的隐患。宜加强农民家庭自备药使用的教育与管理,提高便携式药包配备率,逐步改善家庭不合理用药。
Objective To understand the status of medicines, medical devices and portable medicine packages kept by residents in basic township health centers and provide references for designing portable medicine packages suitable for rural residents. Methods The methods of combining random sampling and cluster sampling were used to investigate and analyze the common household appliances and equipment, and placement of 139 households under the jurisdiction of three basic hospitals in Hebei, Jiangxi and Gansu provinces. Results The prevalence rates of commonly used medicines for basic type township residents were 63.3% for cold medicine, 40.3% for wound paste, 36.7% for essential oil, 36.0% for cool oil, 23.0% for hypertension, 18.0% for iodine and 2.2% for diabetes, , Other 24.5%. The rate of equipment used by the family was as follows: the highest thermometer was 44.6%, the swab was 39.6%, the sphygmomanometer was 8.6%, the syringe was 7.2% and the other was 16.5%. Household commonly used drugs and medicine are mainly stored in fixed drawers up to 48.9%, only 4.3% of families have a specific place of the portable drug kits and medicine kits. Conclusion The basic medicine hospitals in rural areas have a higher rate of drug preparation, and most of them are over-the-counter medicines. The rate of home medical equipment is not high, the rate of home-use portable medicine kits is very low, medicine and medical instruments are stored arbitrarily, and may become Irrational drug use hidden dangers. It is necessary to strengthen the education and management of the use of medicines brought by peasant families, increase the rate of provision of portable medicine kits and gradually improve the irrational use of medicines by families.