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曲面工件的超声波检测中，由于工件表面曲率对超声波束的散射和聚焦，如何将超声波束准确可靠地投射到工件内的待检测区域，是检测工作中比较关心的问题。本文对棒材和管材超声波检测中常用的扫描方法作了评述，介绍了最近几年出现的适于棒材和管材的接触法和水浸法探伤方法。对于厚壁管和薄壁管，针对不同位置的缺陷，给出了相应的最佳探伤条件。提出了提高管材横波偏置法探伤灵敏度的措施。本文还讨论了一些适合于曲面探伤的探头，如骑马式探头、双晶片聚焦探头、管探头、渐开线探头等。最后讨论了液浸法和接触法探伤参数之间的关系，以及几何声学方法用于曲面工件探伤时的局限性。
Because of the scattering and focusing of the ultrasonic beam on the surface of the workpiece, how to project the ultrasonic beam accurately and reliably to the area to be inspected in the workpiece is a concern in the inspection work. In this paper, the scanning methods commonly used in the ultrasonic testing of rods and tubes are reviewed. The contact methods suitable for bar and tube and the methods of immersion testing are introduced. For thick-walled tubes and thin-walled tubes, the corresponding optimal flaw detection conditions are given according to the defects in different positions. The measures to improve the testing sensitivity of transverse shear wave bias method are put forward. This article also discusses some probes suitable for surface inspection, such as riding-style probes, dual-chip focusing probes, tube probes, involute probes, and more. Finally, the relationship between the liquid immersion method and the contact method flaw detection parameters and the limitations of the geometrical acoustic method for the surface workpiece flaw detection are discussed.