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希罗多德historia的体裁是历史还是文学,这一问题的提出是基于现代学科概念的思考。在公元前五世纪希腊城邦的历史语境中,historia首先需要面对的不是真实性问题,而是与诗歌和散文纪事不同体裁之间的竞争。相对于超验的神话叙述,希罗多德明确意识到叙述来源问题,将historia定位为一种以常人见闻为基础的经验性知识;不仅如此,在批判方法和叙述权威的构建上,historia也以希腊城邦公民的经验世界为基础。因此,希罗多德的historia始终贯彻着经验性原则,并由此构成与其他体裁的根本区别。
The genre of Herodotus historia is history or literature, and the proposition of this question is based on the thinking of modern subject concepts. In the historical context of Greek city-states in the 5th century BC, historia first had to face not the issue of authenticity but the competition with different genres of poetry and prose chronicle. In contrast to transcendental mythological narratives, Herodotus is clearly aware of the source of the narrative, positioning historia as an empirical knowledge based on common people’s knowledge; moreover, historia is also involved in the construction of critical methods and narrative authority Based on the empirical world of Greek city-states citizens. Therefore, the historia of Herodotus has always implemented the principle of empiricism, and thus constitutes the fundamental difference from other genres.