改土归流后,清政府对湘西地区实施大规模移民。这些移民家族为了争夺生存资源,建构了家族组织。在家族组织的建构中对国家正统性身份的强调具有重要的社会和文化意义,它反映了湘西地方社会发展的历史过程。以林氏家族为例,采取田野调查和民间文献相结合的历史人类学方法,可以复原改土归流后湘西土家族村落中移民家族建构的历史。 After the reform, the Qing government implemented a large-scale immigration in western Hunan. These immigrant families in order to compete for living resources, the construction of a family organization. The emphasis on the orthodox identity of the state in the construction of family organizations has important social and cultural significance. It reflects the historical process of local social development in western Hunan. Taking the Lin family as an example, taking the historical anthropology combined with field investigation and folk literature can restore the history of clan immigrants’ family construction in Tujia villages in western Hunan.