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以二级放热反应为研究对象,在反应体系温度、浓度均匀分布的假设基础上,根据反应速率方程和热平衡方程,建立高危工艺反应的温度和转化率随时间变化的数学模型。采用数值计算技术,以一阶差分代替微分,并结合工艺中的恒温过程、绝热过程和飞温过程,编写计算程序求得其转化率、温度在不同时间点的数值解,揭示爆炸事故的发展过程,定量分析操作参数的影响和转化率、温度随时间分布的规律。同时通过对绝热反应时间、冷凝器的冷却能力的分析,结合冷凝器的移热能力和反应放热对反应体系热积累的影响,讨论防止反应失控发生的可能性。最后探讨冷凝器热负荷余量、反应物投料浓度比等因素对控制反应失控的影响。
The secondary exothermic reaction was taken as the research object. Based on the assumption that the temperature and the concentration of the reaction system were uniform, the mathematical model of the temperature and the conversion rate of the high-risk process reaction with time was established according to the reaction rate equation and the heat balance equation. Adopting the numerical calculation technique, the differential of first order difference is used instead of the differential. In combination with the thermostatic process, adiabatic process and flying temperature process in the process, the calculation program is used to obtain the numerical solution of the conversion rate and temperature at different time points to reveal the development of explosion accident Process, quantitative analysis of the impact of operating parameters and conversion rate, temperature distribution with time. At the same time, by analyzing the adiabatic reaction time and the cooling capacity of the condenser, combined with the heat transfer capacity of the condenser and the influence of reaction exotherm on the heat accumulation of the reaction system, the possibility of preventing the reaction from happening out of control is discussed. Finally, the impact of uncontrolled control reaction on factors such as the condenser residual heat load, reactant concentration ratio and other factors were discussed.