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论文简述了北京自然地理概况。分析了山区生态环境恶化的主要标志:一是山区森林覆盖率低;二是森林和牧草质量及生产力降低;三是水土流失严重,土层变薄;四是山洪、冰雹、泥石流、干旱等自然灾害频繁。依据水土流失规律与地面坡度、降水与降水强度、植被覆盖度及开垦程度等因素的相关关系,北京山区综合治理的关键是防止水土流失,而防止水土流失的钥匙是恢复山区植被。依据北京山区自然资源的优劣,分别建立林、果、牧业基地,加强能源开发,调整林、牧、农业生产结构。
The paper briefly described the general situation of Beijing’s natural geography. The main indicators of deterioration of the ecological environment in mountainous areas are as follows: first, the forest coverage in mountainous areas is low; second, the quality and productivity of forests and forages are reduced; third, serious soil erosion and thinning of soil layers; fourth, natural torrents such as flash floods, hail, debris flows, Frequent disasters. According to the relationship between erosion laws and ground slope, rainfall and precipitation intensity, vegetation coverage and reclamation degree, the key to comprehensive management of mountainous areas in Beijing is to prevent soil erosion. The key to preventing soil erosion is to restore the vegetation in mountainous areas. According to the pros and cons of natural resources in mountainous areas of Beijing, establish bases for forestry, fruit and animal husbandry, strengthen energy development, and adjust the structure of forestry, animal husbandry and agricultural production.