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目的了解红河州哈尼族、汉族学生营养与常见病等流行状况及发展趋势,为卫生、教育部门提高少数民族地区中小学生健康水平提供科学依据。方法以红河州2010年哈尼族、汉族学生体质健康调研中的营养指标及视力不良、恒龋、贫血、蛔虫感染检出率为基础,进行民族、性别、学段间的横向描述分析,并与2005年同质资料作纵向比较。结果哈尼族学生蛔虫感染率高于汉族学生(P<0.01);汉族学生视力不良率、贫血率、营养不良率、肥胖率均高于哈尼族学生(P值均<0.05)。2个民族学生的营养不良率、视力不良率均随学段的升高逐渐上升,超重、肥胖率则随学段的升高而下降。与2005年同质资料相比,哈尼族学生低体重率和轻度营养不良率均显著下降(P值均<0.05),超重率则显著上升(P<0.01);汉族学生视力不良率、恒牙龋患率、低体重率、轻度营养不良率则显著上升(P值均<0.01)。结论 2010年红河哈尼族彝族自治州哈尼族学生的营养不良状况比2005年有所改善,但肥胖发生的潜在危险因素也在显著增加;汉族学生的健康、营养状况不如哈尼族学生,并呈现加重趋势。
Objective To understand the prevalence and development trend of nutrition and common diseases of Hani and Han students in Honghe Prefecture and provide scientific basis for improving the health of primary and secondary school students in ethnic minority areas in health and education sectors. Methods Based on the nutritional indicators and poor eyesight, constant caries, anemia and detection of roundworm infection in Hani and Han nationality students in Honghe Prefecture in 2010, a cross-sectional analysis of ethnicity, gender and academic period was conducted. 2005 year homogeneous data for longitudinal comparison. Results The prevalence of Ascaris in Hani students was higher than that of Han students (P <0.01). The rate of poor eyesight, anemia, malnutrition and obesity in Han students were significantly higher than those in Han students (P <0.05). The rates of malnutrition and poor eyesight of 2 ethnic students increased gradually with the rise of the school section. The overweight and obesity rates decreased with the rise of the school section. Compared with the same data in 2005, the Hani students had significantly lower rates of low weight and mild malnutrition (both P <0.05) and overweight rate (P <0.01) Dental caries, low body weight, and mild malnutrition rates increased significantly (P <0.01). Conclusions The malnutrition status of Hani students from Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture in Honghe Prefecture in 2010 was better than that in 2005, but the potential risk factors for obesity were also significantly increased. The health and nutrition status of Han students was not as good as that of Hani students, .