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以地基承载力、土坡稳定等常见土工结构问题为例,讨论土工结构安全系数的两种不同定义,一是极限荷载与容许荷载之比,一是已有强度参数与保持稳定所需强度参数之比。分析表明,前一定义仅对某些结构适用,而后一定义原则上可用于各种结构,具体选用要看结构及其所处环境的情况。当两种定义均适用时,允许安全系数的取值可有较大差别,具体设计时应予注意。此外,还对两种安全系数的计算方法进行了讨论,包括滑移线法、极限平衡法、极限分析法等传统方法以及近年来应用日趋广泛的弹塑性有限元法、有限元极限分析法等,对各类方法的优缺点及应用时需注意的问题给出自己的看法。
Taking the common geotechnical structural problems such as foundation bearing capacity and stability of soil slope as examples, two different definitions of geotechnical structural safety factors are discussed. The first one is the ratio between ultimate load and allowable load. The first one is that the existing strength parameters and the required strength parameters Ratio. The analysis shows that the former definition applies only to certain structures and the latter definition can in principle be used for various structures, depending on the structure and the circumstances in which it is located. When the two definitions are applicable, the allowable value of the safety factor may have a greater difference, the specific design should be noted. In addition, the calculation methods of two safety factors are also discussed, including the traditional methods such as slip line method, limit equilibrium method and limit analysis method, as well as the more and more widely used elasto-plastic finite element method and finite element method , On the advantages and disadvantages of various methods and applications need to pay attention to give their own views.