美国社会的少数群体来源众多,其种族和民族关系异常复杂多变。为追溯其多变性背后隐藏的各种因素,本文通过对美国历史上少数群体内部,以及他们与主流群体之间摩擦冲突的探索,着重指出了多变性背后所隐藏的文化、政治、意识形态与历史等客观因素,同时强调在考虑主流群体与少数群体关系过程中应区分对待自发移民与强迫移民的差异。 Minorities in American society have many sources, and their racial and ethnic relations are extremely complicated and changeable. In order to trace the various factors hidden behind its variability, through the exploration of the friction conflicts between the minorities in the history of the United States and the mainstream groups, this article points out the hidden culture, politics, ideology and History and other objective factors. At the same time, it emphasizes that differences between spontaneous immigrants and forced immigrants should be differentiated in their consideration of the relations between the mainstream and minorities.