在19世纪群星璀璨的俄国文坛,尼古拉·谢苗诺维奇·列斯科夫堪称“另类”。列斯科夫的独特性首先表现在其选择的主题上,除了初期的两部招致各方痛斥的反虚无主义长篇小说《走投无路》和《结仇》涉及时政、主人公算得上是知识分子以外,其它绝大部分创作对准的是普通人,或者更准确地说,是原汁原味、未受西方文明浸染的俄罗斯人,与古代罗斯时期几无二致的俄罗斯人。1923年高尔基在为列斯科夫的三卷本文集所作的序言中这样写道:“列斯科夫是最具原生态的俄罗斯作家,不受任何外来影响。阅读他的书,你可以更好地感受有着种种坏与好的罗斯,更清楚地看到甚至在真诚信仰美与真理时却狡猾地表现为自身信仰的奴隶 In the 19th-century star-studded Russian literary world, Nikolai Semyonovich Leskov was the ”alternative.“ The uniqueness of Leskov was first manifested in the theme of his choice. Apart from the initial two anti-nihilistic novels, ”Perpetual“ and ”Forsaking“, which denounced all parties involved in current affairs, the protagonists were regarded as intellectuals other than the intellectuals Much of the work is aimed at ordinary people, or, to be more precise, Russians who were original, unaffected by Western civilization, and Russians of the same nature as the ancient Rose. In his preface to the three volumes of this collection by Leskovsk in 1923, Gorky wrote: ”Leskov is the most primitive Russian writer, free from any external influences. Read his book, you can Feel better about Rose, with all sorts of bad and good, and more clearly see the slaves who are cunningly manifested even in their faith when they genuinely believe in beauty and truth