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人胚胎干细胞体外向神经方向定向分化,是当前生物医学领域研究的热点问题之一。近年来,科学家们已经成功于体外诱导人胚胎干细胞向包括星形胶质细胞、少突胶质细胞、运动神经元在内的神经细胞的定向分化。这些研究成果为开展细胞替代疗法治疗包括神经退行性疾病在内的严重神经系统疾病,以及深入研究这些疾病的发病机制奠定了基础。本文就人胚胎干细胞体外定向诱导分化为运动神经元研究现状作一综述,以期对该领域有较为全面系统地了解,并为以后的研究提供可能的帮助。
The directional differentiation of human embryonic stem cells to the nerve in vitro is one of the hot issues in the field of biomedicine. In recent years, scientists have succeeded in inducing the directional differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into neurons including astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and motor neurons in vitro. These findings provide the basis for the use of cell-replacement therapy in the treatment of severe neurological diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, and in-depth study of the pathogenesis of these diseases. This review summarizes the research progress of human embryonic stem cells induced by differentiation in vitro into motor neurons in order to gain a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of this field and provide possible help for future research.