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在民主政治中,要以和平方式解决冲突、达成基本的程序共识,必须遵循多数原则,但多数原则的正当性一旦确立,少数人权利保护的问题就立刻凸显了出来,即遵循多数原则的同时要谨防多数人对少数人的暴政。尊重和保护包括少数人在内的所有公民个人的权利是民主政治的核心价值,那么,怎样谨防多数暴政并有效的保护少数人的权利,就成为民主政治的精髓所在。遵循多数原则的同时保护少数人的权利既合理地界定了“公域”与“私域”的边界,又为公共权力行为和公民个人权利行为奠定了合法性的坐标。
In democratic politics, to resolve the conflicts by peaceful means and reach a consensus on procedural principles, the principle of majority must be followed. However, once the legitimacy of most principles has been established, the issue of the protection of the rights of minorities will be immediately highlighted. That is, while following the principle of majority, Beware of the tyranny of the majority against the minority. To respect and protect the rights of all citizens and individuals, including the few, is the core value of democracy. Therefore, how to guard the tyranny of the majority and effectively protect the rights of the minorities have become the essence of democracy. Protecting the rights of minority people while following the majority principle not only defines the boundary between the “public domain” and the “private domain” reasonably, but also establishes the legitimacy coordinates for the public power behavior and the individual rights of citizens.