自噬是一种真核细胞自我降解、维持自稳态的细胞途径，在进化过程中高度保守，主要负责降解长寿蛋白和损伤细胞器。近年来，关于自噬的研究较多，其中许多研究需要通过观察自噬活性的变化来得出结论，因此准确解释自噬活性检测结果十分重要。在众多自噬活性检测方法中，分子生物学检测技术应用较为广泛，通过了解自噬的分子机制及其与泛素蛋白酶体系的关系，可以更好地利用自噬途径常用分子生物学指标来反映自噬活性变化。“,”As a self-degradative cell pathway in eukaryotic cells,autophagy is evolutionarily conserved and mainly responsible for the degradation of long-lived proteins and damaged organelles.Autophagy is alsoconducive to maintaining the normal cellular homeostasis.The past decades have witnessed a remarkable progressof research on autophagy.A great number of studies obtain their conclusions through observing thechange of autophagic activity,therefore it is important to correctly explain the results from the autophagy activity test.Among the test methods,the molecular biological methods are widely used,and through clarifying the molecular mechanisms of autophagy and the relationship between autophagy and ubiquitin proteasome system,we could make better use of the common molecular biomarkers to reflect the change of autophagic activity.