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以中国首次北极科学考察采用国内外海冰、大气和海洋的先进观测设备 ,获得海、陆、空的同步或准同步观测资料为基础 ,重点研究北冰洋的海雾 .发现在北冰洋大范围被海冰覆盖或冰水相间的洋面上 ,能够形成平流雾、辐射雾和蒸汽雾 .每种海雾的特点和形成的物理机制不同 .在北冰洋的南部 ,由于暖湿气流充分 ,易形成持续时间长、浓度大的平流雾 ;在冰盖和大浮冰块上 ,由于冰雪面的强辐射冷却 ,容易形成稳定的辐射雾 ;在浮冰区能够形成像开锅的蒸汽一样的蒸汽雾 .指出在北冰洋形成多种海雾原因是海冰的分布及独特的物理特性造成下垫面性质的复杂化 ,产生的海气相互作用复杂化的结果 ,特别是冰雪面的反照率高 ,不能吸收极昼期充足的太阳辐射 .冰又是热的不良导体 ,成为海气热交换的屏障 ,在浮冰区由于冰屏障的破碎 ,海气交换活跃 .海洋以潜热的形式向大气输送热量 ,以蒸汽雾的形式反映出海气热交换的程度和对气候影响的一种表现形式 .提出在蒸汽雾发生的过程中 ,海洋以感热的形式向大气输送热量 .
Based on the simultaneous or quasi-synchronous observational data of sea, land and air acquired by China’s first Arctic scientific expedition using advanced observational equipment of sea ice, atmosphere and ocean both at home and abroad, the study focuses on the sea fog over the Arctic Ocean, Covering or ice-water phase of the ocean surface, the formation of advection fog, radiation fog and steam fog.Each sea fog characteristics and the formation of different physical mechanisms in the southern Arctic, due to warm and humid air flow, easy to form a long duration , The concentration of large advection fog; in the ice sheet and large ice floe, due to the strong radiation cooling ice and snow, easy to form a stable radiation fog; in the ice floe area can be like a steam-like open steam vapor fog. The reason for the formation of a variety of sea fog is that the distribution of sea ice and the unique physical characteristics of the underlying surface caused by the complexity of the nature of the resulting interaction of the sea-air interaction results, in particular the high albedo of snow and ice surface, can not absorb sufficient Of the sun’s radiation.Its ice is also a poor conductor of heat, as the air-sea heat exchange barrier, in the ice floe area due to the ice barrier is broken, the exchange of air and sea active ocean.The latent heat Delivered in the form of heat to the atmosphere, in the form of steam fog reflects the degree of air-sea heat exchange, and a form of impact on the climate. In the proposed process steam fog occurred in the ocean in the form of sensible heat transport heat to the atmosphere.