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近年来,随着产科领域胎儿超声波检查的进展,伴有形态变化的新生儿外科疾病在妊娠期即可诊断,且病例不断增加。迄今,产前诊断的新生儿外科疾病以腹壁异常、肠闭锁症居多。目前显示突出的胎儿体外形态异常疾病如骶尾部畸胎瘤、颈部肿瘤、髓膜瘤等;显示肠管扩张的疾病如肠管闭锁症,显示腹腔内囊泡形态疾病如胎粪性腹膜炎、卵巢囊肿等;件有形态变化的肾疾病、尿路闭塞性疾病以及伴有胸腔内形态变化的疾病如膈肌疝、肺疾病等都可在产前作出诊断。但是,目前的产前诊断率较低,不足全部新生儿外科疾病的20%,主要原因如下。1.新生儿外科疾病中发病率较高的肠回转异常症、先天性巨结肠、肛门闭锁、消化道穿孔等,由于在胎儿期缺乏形态学变化,故难以诊断; 2.与常规使用的检查仪器的性能有关,无论在哪一单位,高性能的仪器都很有限; 3.产科日常诊疗中,不可能对全部妊娠时期都进行检查; 4.胎儿超声波检查的目的,不只是用于外科疾病的诊断,通常多是为了获取更多的产科信息而进行的;
In recent years, with the progress of fetus ultrasound in the field of obstetrics, neonatal surgical diseases with morphological changes can be diagnosed during pregnancy, and the number of cases is continuously increasing. To date, neonatal surgical diseases with prenatal diagnosis are mostly abdominal abnormalities and intestinal atresia. At present, there are prominent abnormalities in fetal morphology such as sacrococcygeal teratoma, neck tumors, myeloma, etc .; diseases showing intestinal dilatation such as intestinal atresia, intraperitoneal vesicle morphological diseases such as meconium peritonitis, ovarian cysts Etc .; cases of morphological changes of renal disease, urinary tract obstructive disease and associated with intrathoracic morphological changes such as diaphragmatic hernia, lung disease, etc. can be made in the prenatal diagnosis. However, the current low rate of prenatal diagnosis, less than 20% of all neonatal surgical diseases, the main reasons are as follows. 1. Neonatal surgical diseases with a high incidence of intestinal disorders, congenital megacolon, anus atresia, digestive tract perforation, due to lack of morphological changes in the fetus, it is difficult to diagnose; 2. And routine use of the test Instrument performance, no matter in which unit, high-performance instruments are limited; 3. obstetric routine diagnosis and treatment, it is impossible to check all pregnancy; 4. The purpose of fetal ultrasound examination, not only for surgical diseases The diagnosis is usually done mostly to get more obstetric information;